Check List of Symptoms SCL-9 o-R at Persons with Extremities Amputations

Multidimensional Inventory Check List of Symptoms (SCL--r) is based on self-evaluation and it has been used for determination of level of: somatisation, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobias, paranoia and psychosis at persons which are exposed to long term emotional and physical stress. Our goal was to determine relations of physical trauma and psychological changes at persons with lower extremities amputations and to determine factors which influence those changes. Thirty seven persons with lower extremities amputations were examined. The sample included  (, ) veterans and  (, ) civilians with diseases related amputations. They voluntarily filled Check List of Symptoms SCL--r. Symptoms Inventory includes  dimensions of primary symptoms: SCLsomatisation, SCL-obsessive-compulsive symptoms, SCL-interpersonal sensitivity, SCLdepression, SCL-anxiety, SCL-hostility, SCL-phobias, SCL-paranoia, SCL-psychosis and SCL-extra scale. Inventory includes  statements, each evaluated with five–level scale of disorder. Every answer is graded with - points. Thirty seven persons with lower extremities amputations and average chronological age , ± , years were analyzed. Considering marital status  (, ) of them were married,  (, ) were not married and  (, ) were widowers. Considering level of amputation  of them (, ) had amputation below knee,  (, ) of them amputation above knee and  of them (, ) foot amputation. SCL--r in both groups determined high level of sensitivity, anxiety, hostility and paranoia. Veterans showed higher level of paranoia comparing to civilians (p<,), and younger veterans and married ones had higher level of paranoia comparing to other veterans (p<,). Persons with amputations below and above knee showed higher level of paranoia comparing those with foot amputation (p<,). Persons with lower extremities amputations have considerably more expressed sensitivity, anxiety, hostility and paranoia. These dimensions are related to age, marital status and level of amputation. These determinants are very helpful for planning and creation of psychological support and rehabilitation of persons with lower extremities amputations.

SUADA KAPIDŽIĆ-DURAKOVIĆ ET AL.: CHECK LIST OF SYMPTOMS SCL -9O -r AT PERSONS WITH EXTREMITIES AMPUTATIONS

Introduction
Multidimensional Inventory Check List of Symptoms (SCL--r) is based on self-evaluation and it has been used for determination of level of: somatisation, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobias, paranoia and psychosis with persons who are exposed to long term emotional and physical stress.Individuals who experience mutilation without previously being ill or exposed to stress go through psychological crisis mutilation as a result of illness or trauma represents strong psychological trauma that can cause a spectrum of different psychological reactions ().According to the same author, psychological reactions of mutilated patients are divided in four phases of grievance: .Phase of acute psychological reactions (or phase of acute crisis) that occurs immediately after the trauma and is expressed as nihilism, depressive impressions, suicidal thoughts and actions, hysterical reaction, etc. .Phase of creation of emotional balance..Late phase of psychological reactions..Phase of adaptation which occurs after psychological reactions discontinue, and in which phase the patient is adapting to new reality.Amputation is not only a loss of a part of the body, it also results in the loss of body integrity and it has a profound impact on patient's mental status ().Problems encountered in this regard depend more on attributes and personality of a specific patient that the level of amputation ().The goal of this work is to determine relation between physical trauma and psychological changes with persons with lower extremities amputations and to determine factors which influence those changes.

Subjects and Methods
Thirty seven persons with lower extremities amputations were examined.The sample included  (,) veterans and  (, ) civilians with disease related amputations.They voluntarily filled Check List of Symptoms SCL--r ().Symptoms Inventory includes  dimensions of primary symptoms: SCL-somatisation, SCL-obsessive-compulsive symptoms, SCL-interpersonal sensitivity, SCL-depression, SCL-anxiety, SCL-hostility, SCL-phobias, SCL-paranoia, SCL-psychosis and SCL-extra scale.The inventory includes  statements, each evaluated with five-level scale of disorder.Every answer is graded with - points.Beside SCL--r subjects have filed personal questionnaires.Statistics made in SPSS . for Windows.

Results and Discussion
Thirty seven persons with lower extremities amputations and average age of , ± , were analyzed, which includes  civilians (average age , ± ,) and  individuals with war-related amputation (average age , ± ,) (Figure ).In accordance with marital status, there were  (, ) married examinees, (, ) samples average time is , years after amputation.In accordance with SCL--r, both groups had high level of sensitivity, anxiety, hostility and paranoia (Figure , , , ).Paranoia is more visible with veterans than civilians (p<,); younger veterans and those married ex-pressed higher level of paranoia (p<,) (Figure  and ).Paranoia is more expressed by examinees with below-knee and above-knee amputation than by examinees with foot amputation (p< ,) (Figure ).

Conclusion
Persons with lower extremities amputations express significant levels of sensitivity, anxiety, hostility and paranoia.These dimensions are related to age, marital status and level of amputation.These determinants are very helpful for planning and creation of psychological support and rehabilitation of persons with lower extremities amputations.References