A prominent lactate peak as a potential key magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) feature of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML): Spectrum pattern observed in three patients

Duško Kozić; Mladen Bjelan; Jasmina Boban; Jelena Ostojić; Vesna Turkulov; Aleksandar Todorović; Slobodanka Lemajić-Komazec; Snežana Brkić

doi:10.17305/bjbms.2017.2092

Authors

Duško Kozić Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia; Diagnostic Imaging Center, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Novi Sad, Serbia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6007-7072
Mladen Bjelan Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia; Diagnostic Imaging Center, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Novi Sad, Serbia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8957-1816
Jasmina Boban Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia; Diagnostic Imaging Center, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Novi Sad, Serbia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9701-5484
Jelena Ostojić Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2303-7979
Vesna Turkulov Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia; Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
Aleksandar Todorović Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia; Diagnostic Imaging Center, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, Novi Sad, Serbia
Slobodanka Lemajić-Komazec Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia; Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia
Snežana Brkić Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia; Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2017.2092

Keywords:

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, PML, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, MRS, lactic acid, JC virus, HIV

Abstract

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare, often fatal, opportunistic infection, associated with demyelinating process. PML is caused by John Cunningham (JC) polyomavirus, and predominantly affects patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or other immunocompromised patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in establishing the diagnosis of PML. MRS with long and short echo time was performed in two patients with PML associated with HIV infection and in one PML patient associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The most prominent peak on the obtained spectra was for lactate; it showed 2-3 times higher concentration of lactate compared to choline, almost 4-6 times higher lactate concentration compared to creatine, and 4-11 times higher lactate in comparison to N-acetylaspartate concentration. Similar spectrum pattern was observed in all patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is a new finding that might be useful in early diagnosis of PML. Nevertheless, further confirmation of our results is needed, since we analyzed the spectrum pattern only in three patients. Overall, our results could help in early detection of PML, especially in non-HIV patients, and thus prevent the fatal outcome of the disease. MRS could also be useful in detecting “tumefactive” demyelinating lesions in PML patients, associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, to avoid misdiagnosis of neoplasm.

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